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色盲测试图难倒正常人、骗过AI 专家解读检测真相_我的网站

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A | The electric vehicle ecosystem in India is still at a very nascent stage, but the number of electric vehicles on Indian roads is on the rise every day.,Despite the growth, there are a lot of challenges that need to be addressed with regard to the EV infrastructure.,Road safety is one of the major concerns, as the country ranks first in terms of number of road accident deaths in the world. Last year, the World Economic Forum (WEF) launched the Road Safety 2.0 program in India with an aim to introduce technology which would promote the 4Es of road safety i.e. Education, Engineering, Enforcement and Emergency care.,In an interview with Sputnik, Akhilesh Srivastava, Project Head of the World Economic Forum’s Road Safety 2.0 program and Member of the NHEV Knowledge group, talked about measures to be taken to ensure road safety in India and discussed the challenges presented by the battery swapping policy in India.,Sputnik: According to government data, India ranks first in the number of road accident deaths in the world. As you lead the World Economic Forum’s initiative Road Safety 2.0 in India, what measures are required to reduce such fatalities?,Akhilesh Srivastava: With 11 percent of global road fatalities, India ranks worst in terms of the sheer number of road accident deaths in the world. The impact of road accidents on Indian GDP is nearly INR 2.5 trillion ($31.7 billion) i.e., over 1.85 percent of the GDP.,It is clear that old or conventional methods of road safety are not working and there is an urgent need for a new solution. The WEF-led Road Safety 2.0 is one such next-gen solution, where the power of technology is leveraged to save lives on roads.,A few of the measures have been enumerated in it are: the use of technology is the best way to quickly and effectively reduce accidents; сontinuous tracking driving behavior using IoT to generate Safe Driving Scores. The SDS can be used as a monitoring mechanism for incentivizing good driving behavior and reskilling the bad drivers; use of Safety measures like seat belt and helmet with sensors attached; use of AI with the integration of Traffic Lights; implementation of ITS-based penalty set up to penalize people; scaling awareness about the regulations among the people;,Sputnik: WEF’s Road Safety 2.0 talks about an approach to create a human-centric road ecosystem. Could you elaborate what sort of road ecosystem it aims to create?,Akhilesh Srivastava: Human-centric design is a method of product creation that places the requirements, desires, and abilities of users at the forefront of the process. Rather than expecting users to change and conform their behaviors to the product, it involves making design decisions based on how people can, need, and want to do tasks.,Moving on from existing to a human-centric road ecosystem will help the highway builders, manufacturing industry and the enforcement agencies tackle the needs of the people and then accordingly devise the road safety setup and create a human-centric road ecosystem.,For Example, the presence of air bags in the car is for the drivers and passengers' safety. Why only the front seat should have air bags, people in the back seats are equally vulnerable. As per the human-centric approach, the seat belt should be for all humans in the vehicle. All seats in private vehicles like cars and for all passengers in long-distance public transport buses.,Pedestrians, cyclists and other vulnerable road users should be given due space and weightage while framing the policies. In India, pedestrians, cyclists and two-wheelers constitute the majority but the roads and road rules, are made keeping in mind the bigger vehicles.,Sputnik: FASTags in India were adopted to make travel seamless on National Highways and Expressways. However, despite the complete roll-out we see long queues of vehicles at toll plazas and technical glitches being reported. How can an effective and glitch-free usage of FASTags be adopted?,Akhilesh Srivastava: FASTag has made travel hassle-free on highways and expressways in India. There are no queues. FASTag has made tolling very efficient and transparent. Last year’s toll collection was the highest ever at nearly INR 400 billion (Over $5 million),Apart from this, the FASTag has saved fuel wastage of worth over INR 200 billion ($2.5 million) which happened due to idling of vehicles at toll plazas. It also resulted in saving at least 50 million MT of carbon emission.,Sputnik: Regarding the electric vehicle segment, it is a well-known fact that in India it is at a very nascent stage. What are the major challenges that stakeholders are facing and how can they be tackled?,Akhilesh Srivastava: With 100 percent FDI available, new production centres, and a greater push to improve charging infrastructure, India's electric vehicle industry is gaining traction.,Other growth factors for the Indian EV industry include federal subsidies and policies supporting deeper discounts for Indian-made electric two-wheelers, as well as a boost for localized ACC battery storage manufacture.,Furthermore, in September 2021, the federal government authorized a production-linked incentive program for the automotive sector to stimulate the manufacture of electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. In 2021, India sold over 300,000 electric vehicles.,Some of the challenges that exist but are being tackled by the stakeholders are: inadequate charging infrastructure; reliance on battery imports; reliance on imported components and parts, range anxiety among consumers; current high price of EVs; lack of options for high-performance EVs; inadequate electricity supply in parts of India; lack of quality maintenance and repair options.,Sputnik: You have links with the NHEV (National Highway for Electric Vehicle) programme. What initiatives are being taken under the programme to expand EV infrastructure?,Akhilesh Srivastava: Yes, I appreciate this question which talks about Electric Vehicles and being a member of the Knowledge group of NHEV, I wish similar kind of road safety in India, however, some additional concerns are to be kept in mind are:,• The EV is directly connected to a regular household power outlet. This mode is the simplest possible charging mode and does not support any communication between the EV and the charge point, hence it is prohibited in many countries due to safety concerns.,• The onboard charger converts AC to DC. It uses a special type of charging cable equipped with an in-cable control and protection device. This can be used for private charging, but its public use is subject to restrictions in many countries.,• Batteries are the key element. And we noticed a few cases of fire recently. There should be a proper set of technical and regulatory guidelines for the batteries, about its specifications, unique Id number of batteries, uniformity in the charging system, and even uniformity in batteries so that battery swapping can be done easily.,Tracking of batteries can give alerts about the health of batteries so that unsafe batteries can be removed timely.,Sputnik: Ever since the Finance Minister announced the battery swapping policy, it has been a much talked about topic across the segment. Do you think it can be realized?,Akhilesh Srivastava: I appreciate the announcement by Finance Minister about the battery swapping policy. A detailed policy for battery standardization, specifications, and safety protocols is being prepared.,We should think of the battery as a service for battery swapping. This will allow the setting up of battery stations on a mass level; a battery swapping policy will be brought in and interoperability standards will be formulated.,The private players should be encouraged to develop sustainable and innovative models for the battery as a service which will increase efficiency in the electric vehicle ecosystem. This will reduce the cost of Electric Vehicles and give impetus for electric vehicle growth in the coming years.,Sputnik: Electric vehicles are an alternative to petrol and diesel vehicles, and commonly seen as a way to reduce carbon emissions. However, the source of electricity remains non-renewable, so what roadmap has the NHEV adopted to generate electricity for the electric vehicles through renewable sources?,Akhilesh Srivastava: The transport sector accounts for 18 percent of total energy consumption in India. This translates to an estimated 94 million tons of oil equivalent (MTOE) energy.,If India were to follow the current trends of energy consumption, it would require an estimated 200 MTOE of energy supply annually, by the year 2030 to meet the demand of this sector. As of now, this demand is being met mostly through imported crude oil, which therefore makes this sector vulnerable to volatile international crude oil prices. Moreover, the sector also contributes an estimated 142 million tons of CO2 emissions annually.,Electric mobility presents a viable alternative in addressing these challenges, when packaged with innovative pricing solutions, appropriate technology and support infrastructure and thus, has been on the radar of the Government of India.,The point of renewability of electricity is being addressed too with renewable energies like solar energy, wind energy and other forms other renewable sources of energy. The growth of India in this has been spectacular and the country is ahead of many developed countries in this regard.,Want to know more? Check out our Koo & Telegram accounts!,Koo: https://www.kooapp.com/profile/sputniknews,Sputnik India: https://t.me/sputniknewsindia。　　最近，几张超高难度的色盲测试图在网上刷屏：有人明明视力正常却认不出图中数字，让AI来识别，AI也频频翻车。不少人对着手机屏幕反复确认，开始怀疑自己“是不是隐性色盲”。

B | 　　一张小小的圆点图，到底是怎么测出辨色能力的?为什么视力正常的人也会答错?驾照、职业体检的色觉标准又是什么?色盲图的“小心机” 　　测的不是视力，是辨色差　　我们平时见到的、由彩色小圆点组成、藏着数字或图案的测试图，在医学上有个正式名字——假同色图。　　首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院眼科副主任医师田磊介绍，这类图谱的设计逻辑，就是故意把图案和背景的明暗度拉到接近水平，只依靠细微的颜色差异区分信息。

C | 人眼视网膜上有三类视锥细胞，分别对不同波长的光敏感，构成了我们感知红、绿、蓝三色的生理基础。正常色觉者能捕捉到这些细微色差，把数字从背景里“分离”出来;而红绿色觉异常者分辨红绿差异的能力下降，图案就会和背景“融”在一起。色盲测试图难倒正常人、骗过AI 专家解读检测真相　　这也是为什么很多人疑惑：我视力明明很好，怎么会答不对色盲图?田磊强调，假同色图检查有非常严格的前提：必须在标准光照、固定观看距离、规定时长内，使用合格的纸质原版图谱完成。我们在网上看到的图，大多经过扫描、拍照、多次压缩，再经过不同亮度、色温的电子屏幕显示，颜色早就偏离了原始标准。再加上环境光反射的影响，原本的辨色题很容易变成“猜图形题”。　　“标准色觉检查应该看一组图，而不是一张图;单张难图答错，不能诊断色盲。”田磊提醒，对着手机自测只能当娱乐，绝不能以此给自己下“色盲”的诊断。　　针对“AI也认错色盲图”的热议，田磊解释，人眼和AI的识别逻辑本质完全不同：人眼是通过视锥细胞感知光波，再经视网膜和大脑的颜色对立加工形成色觉，是生理性的判断;而A没有视锥细胞，它读取的是一张张由像素构成的数字图像，依靠训练中学到的轮廓、纹理、形状来识别内容。色盲图恰恰刻意弱化了形状信息，把答案藏在细微色差里。如果图像在传播中色差进一步损失，AI就只能靠轮廓“猜答案”，出错也就不奇怪了。色盲测试图难倒正常人、骗过AI 专家解读检测真相　　AI识别错误说明的不是“AI色盲”，而是普通图像识别不能直接等同于医学色觉检查。田磊表示。

D | 色盲≠色弱　　驾照和职业体检到底卡在哪? 　　比起“能不能认出图”，更多人关心的是：色觉异常会不会影响考驾照、找工作?田磊介绍，我国现行机动车驾驶证体检对辨色力的核心要求，是无红绿色盲。

E | 原因很直观：交通信号体系里，红、绿分别承担“停止”和“通行”的核心信息，直接关系道路安全。

F | 色盲测试图难倒正常人、骗过AI 专家解读检测真相　　但公众普遍存在一个误区：觉得色弱和色盲完全一样，觉得“只要色弱就不能开车”。驾照体检关注的核心是红绿色盲，并不是“所有色弱都不能开车”。田磊明确表示，色弱和色盲处在同一个色觉异常谱系上，程度不同：色弱依然能分辨相关颜色，只是在颜色接近时分辨能力下降;色盲则是某一类颜色的识别能力存在明显缺陷。轻度色觉异常是否符合驾驶要求，需要由有资质的医疗机构按照规范判断。　　除了驾驶，还有不少职业对色觉设置了门槛。

G | 田磊总结，凡是“颜色本身就是安全信息”的岗位，通常都会对色觉提出更高要求：　　航空、航海、铁路交通类岗位：需要准确识别灯光、航标、铁路信号; 　　高风险工业岗位：依靠颜色判断仪表、线路、警示信号的操作岗; 　　专业辨色岗位：部分医学检验、化工、纺织、印刷、查验类岗位。　　不是“色弱都不能做某些职业”，而是不同岗位对色觉要求不同，应看具体职业标准。田磊提醒，不同岗位的限制程度不一，有的仅限制色盲，有的对色弱也有要求，以对应行业的正式体检标准为准。　　只看图，不准　　权威色觉检测究竟该怎么做　　既然单张网图不准，那真正权威的色觉检测是什么样的?田磊表示，我们熟悉的俞自萍色盲图、石原色盲图这类假同色图，最大优势是快速、简便、成本低，非常适合大规模人群筛查，但它并不是唯一的检测手段，也不能直接作为最终诊断依据。　　如果筛查结果存疑，眼科还有更精细的复核手段：一类是色相排列试验，比如临床常用的Farnsworth D-15。

H | 它不需要认数字，而是让受检者把一组不同色调的色块按颜色顺序排列，医生通过排列错误的方向，判断色觉混淆的类型和严重程度。　　另一类更专业的设备是异常三色镜，它让受检者调整红光和绿光的比例，与标准颜色匹配，能对先天性红绿色觉异常进行精准的分型和程度判断。此外，航空等对色觉要求极高的行业，还会增加实际信号灯识别测试，更贴近真实工作场景。　　“哪种方法最权威，要看检测目的。”田磊说，日常筛查用假同色图足够高效。